!Adrenal Gland – Medulla
!!Anatomy
The adrenals are ((Endocrine - System Overview|endocrine glands)) situated on the top the kidneys. Together with the kidney, each one is covered in a fatty capsule and the renal fascia. These glands consist of two parts: the ((Endocrine - Adrenal Gland - Cortex|adrenal cortex)) and the adrenal medulla.

The adrenal medulla is situated at the center of the adrenal gland. It consists of __modified nerve cells of the sympathetic system__, which can synthesize and store adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine. It is steered directly by the autonomous nerve system..
*__Adrenaline__ increases heart rate and blood pressure, expands the bronchioles, and effects fast energy availability through lipolysis and biosynthesis of glucose. It draws ((Circulatory - Blood|blood)) from the extremities to the centre of the body, and inhibits digestion.
*__Dopamine__ is an energizing neurotransmitter which increases emotional and mental reactions.
*__Noradrenaline__ is synthesized out of dopamine. It is important for focussed attention; physiologically it effects vasoconstriction of arterioles and thereby elevates blood pressure.

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!!Brain
In the Brain Stem, the primeval ring structure is reflected: organ tissue relays with assimilative and digestive functions from oesophagus to small intestines are situated in the right brain stem, while excretory organs from caecum to rectum are relayed in the left brain stem. Medial on both sides are the relays of mouth/pharynx, middle ears and lacrimal glands, as well as the pineal and pituitary glands and the thyroid. The brain side-organ-connection is not crossed.

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!!!Relay:
__Brain Stem__ ( + / - ) 2 relays: ventral to those of the oesophagus (right) and the bladder mucosa (left) 
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!!Mind
!!!Theme:
Motivation and stress management concerning acquiring values (right) or avoiding danger (left)

!!!Emotions and Thoughts:
__Fear, survival instinct__
*I am at my wits end
*Where is the way out?
*I have to make it no matter how!
*I will make it!
*I am going to crack any moment
!!!META-Meaning:
*When I cease to struggle, I float!
*The only way out is up!
*I surrender to the order of life and the universe.

!!Organ
!!!Stress Phase Symptoms:
Increased production of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, possibly elevated proliferation rate of the secreting calls of the adrenal medulla.
Main symptoms (fight or flight response): focused attention, fear or ecstasis, __high blood pressure, high blood sugar__, vertigo, headache, __palpitations__ (tachycardia), sweating, pale skin, cold extremities
Adrenaline works temporary, and stimulates via the hypothalamus and ((Endocrine - Pituitary Gland - Anterior Lobe|pituitary)) the release of cortisol in the ((Endocrine - Adrenal Gland - Cortex|adrenal cortex)). 

__Possible diagnoses__: pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma

!!!Regeneration Phase Symptoms:
Regulation of hormone production, proliferation stop and decomposition of exceed cells in presence of tubercle bacteria. The parasympathetic nervous system (rest & recover) __inhibits activity__ and stimulates digestion and __replenishment of energy storage__. Heart and breath rates normalize, and the attention can lose it's focus.

!!!Biological Meaning:
The stress reaction of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve system characterizes the general stress phase in the 2-phase-model.
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!!Social
!!!Examples:
*Before the oral exam, the candidate gets cold hands, heart palpitations and diarrhea.

*The hare being chased by the fox reaches peak velocity and saves his life by sidestepping and mobilization of all energy reserves.

*After a highly active and competitive period, an athlete experiences days where she hardly moves out of her bed, has no energy, eats and reads - she needs a sabbath.

!!Additional Information
Adrenaline works temporary, and stimulates via the hypothalamus and ((Endocrine - Pituitary Gland - Anterior Lobe|pituitary)) the release of cortisol in the ((Endocrine - Adrenal Gland - Cortex|adrenal cortex)). 

When the adrenal medulla is in the stress phase, it also affects the ((Endocrine - Thyroid Overview|thyroid)). In this phase the ((Endocrine - Thyroid - Follicular Epithelium|thyroid ))produces more thyroxine to help the adrenals. If the adrenals become over-exhausted, the individual experiences complete powerlessness. Or if the adrenals run out there can be a dramatic experience of powerlessness, and then the reaction would be cell minus in the ((Endocrine -Thyroid - Archaic Excretory Ducts|primeval thyroid ducts)) (now epithelium) releasing thyroxin into the blood.

!!!Constellations
__Brain Stem Constellation__ possible: perplexity, lethargy, passiveness, reduced movement. Purpose: new orientation

!!!Differential Diagnosis:
Exhaustion and fatigue are parasympathetic symptoms of __any deep regeneration phase__, but mark also the __cachexia__ in very long-termed stress phases in any tissue.

__((Endocrine - Pituitary Gland - Anterior Lobe|Pituitary Gland)) __(Brain Stem, +/-) "Motivation stress" increases production of adrenocorticotropin (ADCT), which interacts with the adrenal cortex in the stress phase.

__((Endocrine - Adrenal Gland - Cortex|Adrenal Cortex)) __(Cerebral Medulla, -/+) stress (lack of orientation): reduced cortisol and aldesterone cause "stressed fatigue"; Regeneration phase: surge of energy; Chronic: weakening of skin, muscles and bones

__((Endocrine - Thyroid - Follicular Epithelium|Thyroid gland))__ (Brain Stem, +/-) "velocity stress": increased thyroxine production, nervousness, weight loss; Regeneration phase: fatigue, depression, freezing, weight gain without appetite

__((Endocrine -Thyroid - Archaic Excretory Ducts|Thyroid "Ductal Pattern"))__ (Cerebral Cortex, -/+): Regeneration phase or prolonged stress (powerlessness) lead to decreased thyroxine levels and fatigue.

__((Urinary - Kidneys - Parenchyma|Kidney parenchyma))__ (Cerebral Medulla, -/+) stress (drowning or overwhelm) produces very high blood pressure. 

__((Circulatory - Myocardium - Ventricles|Myocardium))__ (Cerebral Medulla, -/+) stress (overwhelm, overexertion) reduces heart performance; Regeneration phase: strong fatigue 




