!Testicles - Hormone production
!!Anatomy
The testicles are the male generative glands in the ((Reproductive - System Overview|reproductive system)). Like the ((Reproductive - Ovaries - Hormone Production|ovaries)) (to which they are homologous) testicles are components of both the ((Reproductive - System Overview|reproductive system)) (being __((Reproductive - Ovary Testicle Germ Cells|gonads))__) and the ((Endocrine - System Overview|hormonal system)) (being __endocrine glands__). The respective functions of the testicles are producing sperm (spermatozoa) and producing male sex hormones of which testosterone is the best-known. Both functions of the testicle sperm-forming and endocrine are under control of gonadotropic hormones produced by the((Endocrine - Pituitary Gland - Anterior Lobe| anterior pituitary)).

The hormone production is carried out by the interstitial __Leydig-cells__.
__Testosterone__ stimulates ((Musculoskeletal - Bones|bone))- and ((Musculoskeletal - Skeletal Muscles|muscle)) building, beard growth and ((Integumentary - Skin - Dermis (Leather Skin)|sebaceous glands)); it promotes development of primary and secondary __male sexual characteristics__ and the production of __sperm__. It makes __active, dominant__ and possibly __manic__. 

The Leydig-cells also produce other steroid hormones as Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the female sex hormone Estradiol.


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!!Brain
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!!!Relay:
__Cerebral Medulla / Upper Midbrain__ ( - / + ) posterior central left & right
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!!Mind
!!!Theme:
1. Traumatic loss of a person
2. Argument with sexual nuance
Side dominance is relevant for association:
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!!!Emotions and Thoughts:
__Grief__ or __Anger__
*What will I do without her?
*I will never get over that she is gone!
*I can't believe what she did to me/us!
*I am so disappointed!
*She is cheating on me!
!!!META-Meaning:
I can feel and perceive my connection to all loved ones. All the universe is filled with love.
I am the master of my life and can communicate my wishes and needs clearly. The other one has her own story.

!!Organ
!!!Stress Phase Symptoms:
Inhibition of the function of Leydig-cells cause a __drop of testosterone level__, leading to depression, loss of libido, muscle weakness, reduced beard growth and promoting osteoporosis. Possibly atrophy or necrosis. In prolonged stress testicles can shrink and cause infertility. __Possible diagnoses__: hypogonadism, pseudo-Klinefelter Syndrome.

!!!Regeneration Phase Symptoms:
The hormone-producing function is restored and in the end augmented. First there can be inflammatory swelling (__orchitis__) with bacterial presence. __Cysts__ can develop that are filled with liquid but during 9 months become consolidated (induration) and functional. As long as they have no own blood supply, they will invade adjacent tissues ("invasive adhesion") __Possible diagnoses__: testicular cancer, cystic testicular carcinoma, Leydig cell tumor.
In case of a simultaneous ((Urinary - Kidneys - Collecting Tubules|water retention)), the consolidation (induration) of cysts is not complete and exudative fluid remains in cysts. __Functional cysts__ remain in place and won't be decomposed in the process.

!!!Biological Meaning:
After the healing is finished, more testosterone will be available in the organism in order to be more masculine and to increase reproductive capability.

!!Social
!!!Examples:
*Daughter has been seriously injured in an accident and lies in coma. Her father gets depressive.

*An old but vital farmer lives for his cows. When his license to sell their milk is taken away, he suffers a loss and selfworth conflict and develops osteoporosis (Klapp)

*The client who has testicular cancer grieves for his beloved boxer hound who had to be taken away.

!!Additional Information
The functions of the testicle are influenced by __gonadotropic hormones__ produced by the ((Endocrine - Pituitary Gland - Anterior Lobe|anterior pituitary)). Luteinizing hormone (LH) results in testosterone release. The presence of both testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is needed to support spermatogenesis. It has also been shown in animal studies that if testes are exposed to either too high or too low levels of estrogens (such as estradiol; E2) spermatogenesis can be disrupted to such an extent that the animals become infertile.

!!!Constellations
__Fertility Megalomania__ after activation in both hemispheres, one believes in building big families/tribes with many children.

!!!Differential Diagnosis:
Testicular tumors must be distinguished from __testicular hydrocele__ that often occurs in case of simultaneous ((Urinary - Kidneys - Collecting Tubules|water retention)) or a simultaneous testicular/abdominal injury.

Territorial Constellations / __Depression (especially in ((Circulatory - Coronary Arteries (Intima)|Coronary Relays)))__ leads to decreased testosterone level.

__((Reproductive - Prostate Gland|Prostate Gland ))__(Brain Stem +/-) stress phase (male control): Proliferation of secrete (leading to enhanced nourishment of the sperm), Regeneration phase A: underfunction, reduced fertility

__((Reproductive - Seminal Duct, Prostate Ducts, Seminal Vesicle|Prostate ducts)) & Spermatocyst/Seminal Vesicle__ (Cerebral Cortex -/+) stress (sexual territory): Widening of the vesicle, so that more prostatic secretion can be stored for ejaculation; Regeneration phase A: inflammatory swelling with obstruction.

__((Reproductive - Penis - Cavernous Body|Penis - Cavernous Body))__ (Cerebral Medulla -/+) stress (sexual self-doubt): erectional dysfunction; Regeneration phase: slow regain of function; Constellation: sexual megalomania.

__((Endocrine - Pituitary Gland - Anterior Lobe|Pituitary anterior lobe))__ - production of FSH & LH (Brain Stem, +/-) Stress (severe loss): increased production, maturing of germ cells, increased fertility

__((Integumentary - Skin - Dermis (Leather Skin)|Dermis)) of the Scrotum__ (Cerebellum +/-) Stress (sexual vulnerability): increased production of sweat or skin fat; Regeneration phase: purulent inflammation, abscess, testicular tuberculosis

